Hmm, too bad.
I do not think you should continue trying to fix this device from Linux. Try this person’s solution:
They used this software: https://www.diskpart.com
It looks like it is designed for exactly the situation you are in. Once you repair the drive you can resize it with this software as well. Also, it looks like you can make a bootable USB with it too so you don’t need to run Windows if you don’t want to.