For p10k theme to work MesloLGS needs to be used as font since it contains necessary icons and symbols. Are you using this font?
What you can try as well is
p10k configure
and answer the first questions (they are about font compatibility) to not have missing fonts in there.
For xfce4-terminal you must change in terminal setting from mono to MesloLGS font.
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Also
fc-cache -fv
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And
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