/home drive becomes read-only

Issues & Assistance
1 
System:
  Kernel: 6.4.12-zen1-1-zen arch: x86_64 bits: 64 compiler: gcc v: 13.2.1 clocksource: tsc
    available: hpet,acpi_pm parameters: BOOT_IMAGE=/@/boot/vmlinuz-linux-zen
    root=UUID=b534584e-33f6-4729-aa87-d1cc28516c5c rw rootflags=subvol=@ quiet loglevel=3 ibt=off
  Console: tty 2 DM: LightDM v: 1.32.0 Distro: Garuda Linux base: Arch Linux
Machine:
  Type: Desktop Mobo: Micro-Star model: B550-A PRO (MS-7C56) v: 2.0 serial: <superuser required>
    UEFI: American Megatrends LLC. v: A.B0 date: 08/11/2022
CPU:
  Info: model: AMD Ryzen 5 5600X bits: 64 type: MT MCP arch: Zen 3+ gen: 4 level: v3 note: check
    built: 2022 process: TSMC n6 (7nm) family: 0x19 (25) model-id: 0x21 (33) stepping: 2
    microcode: 0xA20120A
  Topology: cpus: 1x cores: 6 tpc: 2 threads: 12 smt: enabled cache: L1: 384 KiB
    desc: d-6x32 KiB; i-6x32 KiB L2: 3 MiB desc: 6x512 KiB L3: 32 MiB desc: 1x32 MiB
  Speed (MHz): avg: 3836 high: 4311 min/max: 2200/4650 boost: enabled scaling:
    driver: acpi-cpufreq governor: performance cores: 1: 4311 2: 4255 3: 3700 4: 3700 5: 3700
    6: 3700 7: 3658 8: 4219 9: 3700 10: 3700 11: 3700 12: 3700 bogomips: 88803
  Flags: avx avx2 ht lm nx pae sse sse2 sse3 sse4_1 sse4_2 sse4a ssse3 svm
  Vulnerabilities: <filter>
Graphics:
  Device-1: AMD Navi 22 [Radeon RX 6700/6700 XT/6750 XT / 6800M/6850M XT] vendor: Tul / PowerColor
    driver: amdgpu v: kernel arch: RDNA-2 code: Navi-2x process: TSMC n7 (7nm) built: 2020-22 pcie:
    gen: 4 speed: 16 GT/s lanes: 16 ports: active: DP-1 empty: DP-2,DP-3,HDMI-A-1 bus-ID: 2d:00.0
    chip-ID: 1002:73df class-ID: 0300
  Display: x11 server: X.org v: 1.21.1.8 with: Xwayland v: 23.2.0 compositor: marco v: 1.26.2
    driver: X: loaded: amdgpu unloaded: modesetting,radeon alternate: fbdev,vesa dri: radeonsi
    gpu: amdgpu tty: 192x54
  Monitor-1: DP-1 model: 24E6C serial: <filter> built: 2023 res: 1920x1080 dpi: 93 gamma: 1.2
    size: 522x294mm (20.55x11.57") diag: 599mm (23.6") ratio: 16:9 modes: max: 1920x1080
    min: 720x400
  API: OpenGL Message: GL data unavailable in console. Try -G --display
Audio:
  Device-1: AMD Navi 21/23 HDMI/DP Audio driver: snd_hda_intel v: kernel pcie: gen: 4
    speed: 16 GT/s lanes: 16 bus-ID: 2d:00.1 chip-ID: 1002:ab28 class-ID: 0403
  Device-2: AMD Starship/Matisse HD Audio vendor: Micro-Star MSI driver: snd_hda_intel v: kernel
    pcie: gen: 4 speed: 16 GT/s lanes: 16 bus-ID: 2f:00.4 chip-ID: 1022:1487 class-ID: 0403
  API: ALSA v: k6.4.12-zen1-1-zen status: kernel-api with: aoss type: oss-emulator tools: N/A
  Server-1: sndiod v: N/A status: off tools: aucat,midicat,sndioctl
  Server-2: PipeWire v: 0.3.79 status: active with: 1: pipewire-pulse status: active
    2: wireplumber status: active 3: pipewire-alsa type: plugin 4: pw-jack type: plugin
    tools: pactl,pw-cat,pw-cli,wpctl
Network:
  Device-1: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet vendor: Micro-Star MSI
    driver: r8169 v: kernel pcie: gen: 1 speed: 2.5 GT/s lanes: 1 port: f000 bus-ID: 2a:00.0
    chip-ID: 10ec:8168 class-ID: 0200
  IF: enp42s0 state: up speed: 100 Mbps duplex: full mac: <filter>
  Device-2: NetGear A6100 AC600 DB Wireless Adapter [Realtek RTL8811AU] driver: N/A type: USB
    rev: 2.1 speed: 480 Mb/s lanes: 1 mode: 2.0 bus-ID: 3-1.1.4.3:10 chip-ID: 0846:9052
    class-ID: 0000 serial: <filter>
Drives:
  Local Storage: total: 35.65 TiB used: 14.47 TiB (40.6%)
  SMART Message: Required tool smartctl not installed. Check --recommends
  ID-1: /dev/nvme0n1 maj-min: 259:0 vendor: Silicon Power model: SPCC M.2 PCIe SSD
    size: 1.86 TiB block-size: physical: 512 B logical: 512 B speed: 31.6 Gb/s lanes: 4 tech: SSD
    serial: <filter> fw-rev: VC2S038E temp: 40.9 C
  ID-2: /dev/sda maj-min: 8:0 vendor: KLEVV model: NEO N610 SSD 1TB size: 953.87 GiB block-size:
    physical: 512 B logical: 512 B speed: 6.0 Gb/s tech: SSD serial: <filter> fw-rev: 7D scheme: MBR
  ID-3: /dev/sdb maj-min: 8:16 vendor: Seagate model: ST8000DM004-2U9188 size: 7.28 TiB
    block-size: physical: 4096 B logical: 512 B speed: 6.0 Gb/s tech: HDD rpm: 5400 serial: <filter>
    fw-rev: 0001 scheme: GPT
  ID-4: /dev/sdc maj-min: 8:32 vendor: Kingston model: SA400M8120G size: 111.79 GiB block-size:
    physical: 512 B logical: 512 B speed: 6.0 Gb/s tech: SSD serial: <filter> fw-rev: 61E1
    scheme: MBR
  ID-5: /dev/sdd maj-min: 8:48 vendor: Seagate model: Backup+ Hub BK size: 9.1 TiB block-size:
    physical: 4096 B logical: 512 B type: USB rev: 3.1 spd: 5 Gb/s lanes: 1 mode: 3.2 gen-1x1
    tech: N/A serial: <filter> fw-rev: D781 scheme: GPT
  ID-6: /dev/sde maj-min: 8:64 vendor: Seagate model: Backup+ Hub BK size: 7.28 TiB block-size:
    physical: 4096 B logical: 512 B type: USB rev: 3.1 spd: 5 Gb/s lanes: 1 mode: 3.2 gen-1x1
    tech: N/A serial: <filter> fw-rev: D785 scheme: GPT
  ID-7: /dev/sdf maj-min: 8:80 vendor: Seagate model: Backup+ Hub BK size: 9.1 TiB block-size:
    physical: 4096 B logical: 512 B type: USB rev: 3.1 spd: 5 Gb/s lanes: 1 mode: 3.2 gen-1x1
    tech: N/A serial: <filter> fw-rev: D781 scheme: GPT
Partition:
  ID-1: / raw-size: 31.67 GiB size: 31.67 GiB (100.00%) used: 12.3 GiB (38.8%) fs: btrfs
    dev: /dev/sdc2 maj-min: 8:34
  ID-2: /boot/efi raw-size: 300.4 MiB size: 299.8 MiB (99.80%) used: 6.6 MiB (2.2%) fs: vfat
    dev: /dev/sdc1 maj-min: 8:33
  ID-3: /home raw-size: 7.28 TiB size: 7.28 TiB (100.00%) used: 94.2 MiB (0.0%) fs: btrfs
    block-size: 4096 B dev: /dev/sdb1 maj-min: 8:17
  ID-4: /var/log raw-size: 31.67 GiB size: 31.67 GiB (100.00%) used: 12.3 GiB (38.8%) fs: btrfs
    dev: /dev/sdc2 maj-min: 8:34
  ID-5: /var/tmp raw-size: 31.67 GiB size: 31.67 GiB (100.00%) used: 12.3 GiB (38.8%) fs: btrfs
    dev: /dev/sdc2 maj-min: 8:34
Swap:
  Kernel: swappiness: 133 (default 60) cache-pressure: 100 (default) zswap: no
  ID-1: swap-1 type: zram size: 62.72 GiB used: 512 KiB (0.0%) priority: 100 comp: zstd
    avail: lzo,lzo-rle,lz4,lz4hc,842 max-streams: 12 dev: /dev/zram0
Sensors:
  System Temperatures: cpu: 44.5 C mobo: N/A gpu: amdgpu temp: 40.0 C mem: 38.0 C
  Fan Speeds (rpm): N/A gpu: amdgpu fan: 0
Info:
  Processes: 393 Uptime: 2h 17m wakeups: 0 Memory: total: 64 GiB note: est. available: 62.72 GiB
  used: 2.88 GiB (4.6%) Init: systemd v: 254 default: graphical tool: systemctl Compilers:
  gcc: 13.2.1 Packages: pm: pacman pkgs: 1449 libs: 463 tools: octopi,pamac,paru,yay Shell: Bash
  v: 5.1.16 running-in: tty 2 inxi: 3.3.29
Garuda (2.6.16-1):
  System install date:     2023-09-06
  Last full system update: 2023-09-06 ↻
  Is partially upgraded:   No
  Relevant software:       snapper NetworkManager dracut
  Windows dual boot:       No/Undetected
  Failed units:

I got a new hard drive because the old one was read-only, used gparted to create a partition, installed, formatted the drive btrfs as /home, and it too is read-only. chmod didn't make it writable.

What's happening?

2

Please post your fstab.

cat /etc/fstab
3 
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a device; this may
# be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices that works even if
# disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system>             <mount point>  <type>  <options>  <dump>  <pass>
UUID=45a8ece6-fb6c-4350-8a48-dd381915d440 /home          btrfs   defaults,noatime,compress=zstd 0 0
UUID=01DA-37F9                            /boot/efi      vfat    defaults,noatime 0 2
UUID=b534584e-33f6-4729-aa87-d1cc28516c5c /              btrfs   subvol=/@,defaults,noatime,compress=zstd 0 0
UUID=b534584e-33f6-4729-aa87-d1cc28516c5c /root          btrfs   subvol=/@root,defaults,noatime,compress=zstd 0 0
UUID=b534584e-33f6-4729-aa87-d1cc28516c5c /srv           btrfs   subvol=/@srv,defaults,noatime,compress=zstd 0 0
UUID=b534584e-33f6-4729-aa87-d1cc28516c5c /var/cache     btrfs   subvol=/@cache,defaults,noatime,compress=zstd 0 0
UUID=b534584e-33f6-4729-aa87-d1cc28516c5c /var/log       btrfs   subvol=/@log,defaults,noatime,compress=zstd 0 0
UUID=b534584e-33f6-4729-aa87-d1cc28516c5c /var/tmp       btrfs   subvol=/@tmp,defaults,noatime,compress=zstd 0 0
tmpfs                                     /tmp           tmpfs   defaults,noatime,mode=1777 0 0

Don't see anything odd.

4

You don't have a subvolume mounted at /home?

What does this show:

sudo btrfs subvolume list /
5 
ID 256 gen 298 top level 5 path @
ID 257 gen 233 top level 5 path @root
ID 258 gen 27 top level 5 path @srv
ID 259 gen 286 top level 5 path @cache
ID 260 gen 298 top level 5 path @log
ID 261 gen 286 top level 5 path @tmp
ID 262 gen 94 top level 256 path .snapshots
ID 263 gen 50 top level 262 path .snapshots/1/snapshot
ID 264 gen 58 top level 262 path .snapshots/2/snapshot
ID 265 gen 64 top level 262 path .snapshots/3/snapshot
ID 266 gen 66 top level 262 path .snapshots/4/snapshot
ID 267 gen 73 top level 262 path .snapshots/5/snapshot
ID 268 gen 76 top level 262 path .snapshots/6/snapshot
ID 269 gen 87 top level 262 path .snapshots/7/snapshot
ID 270 gen 88 top level 262 path .snapshots/8/snapshot
ID 271 gen 90 top level 262 path .snapshots/9/snapshot
ID 272 gen 92 top level 262 path .snapshots/10/snapshot

This is a new installation.

Using

sudo chmod 777 /home

returned

chmod: chnging permissions of '/home' : Read-only file system
failed to change mode of '/home' from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0777 (rwxrwxrwx)

Of course, chmod won't work because it is a write operation.

6

wonder what

btrfs property get -ts /home

says

7 
ro=false

Should it be true?

8

I reinstalled with a ext4 formatted /home. Writable so far...

9

Maybe you use, like me, the gnome-disk-utility (start with disks or in terminal gnome-disks . (I like it if they can't use one name for all :grimacing: )

Click the volume, extra settings, get owner. The name can differ, I use only German and I am not sure what the real names are in English :slight_smile:

10

I was using ddrescue to restore files, and it was damaging the home drive. Using testdisk and crossing my fingers.

What happened was that my /home backup got, somehow, formatted to btrfs. Big problem.

I ordered the cheapest 10TB drive I could find, and will do a clone with ddrescue.

1 Like
11

Got the drive, and started ddrescue. I’ll find out tomorrow morning if it worked.

12

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