A motherboard fault (or just a power loss) may have caused data corruption on the hard disk (hopefully not but you never know). Does the live media boot, and can you mount the hard disk from there?
If there's no problem with the file system, it may be some subtle difference even if it's the same chipset, and maybe it needs rebuilding the initramfs.
But first make sure there's no issue with the filesystem to avoid further data loss.
I read that btrfs is quite tricky, avoid running fsck and btrfs check/rescue/restore on it or it may get worse, unless someone with some experience says it's fine to do so.
Personally, assuming you have backups (you have backups, right?), in such a case I'd throw the towel and reinstall. But that is me, and I don't know much.
Also, a garuda-inxi from the live media may turn useful, to compare with the previous motherboard.
I see from a previous post that you are using two drives with RAID0, I wouldn't rule out some problem with that, are the two recognized correctly as one logical volume?
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