Update: it seems as though the GPU chip power management may be bad. It crashes the system under heavy load in every OS.
How I figured this out:
-
Connecting the macbook to a external monitor causes GPU artifacts. Suspending the system and waking it up removed these artifacts.
-
Disconnecting the trackpad cable causes the macbook pro hardware to throttle itself significantly (ahh. Pure apple design.) Assuming this is power issue, it would make sense why down clocking the GPU would make it relatively stable.